Appendix 10 - Impact of gold mining on game and other animals at Homoxi*

* region of Macarrão airstrip: area previously inhabited by Tirei theripë

Yanomami name

Common name

Scientific name[1]

Status

Hunted/not hunted by garimpeiros: (+) / (-)

SLOTHS & ANTEATERS

 

 

 

tëpë a

Giant ant eater

Myrmecophaga tridactyla

(+) disappeared

xoko a

Southern tamandua

Tamandua tetradactyla

(-) still present

horokoxoma a

Pygmy anteater

Cyclopes didactylus

(-) still present

yaweresi

Brown-throated three-toed sloth

Bradypus variegatus

(-) still present

x«m« a

Southern two-toed sloth

Choleopus didactylus

(-) still present

PRIMATES

 

 

 

yarima a

White-fronted capuchin monkey

Cebus albifrons

(+)  diminished: sparse (xatiti)

iro a

Red howler monkey

Alouata seniculus

(-)  has increased in more distant uninhabited areas (headwaters of the Narahipi u, Apiahipi u, Kunaathepi u pata); garimpeiros only shot them for fun (wayamã« p«oma: “just mistreated them”) to scare them off.

paxo a

White-bellied spider monkey

Ateles belzebuth belzebuth

(-) has never been present close to village; only in far hills

wixa a

Brown bearded saki monkey

Chiripotes satanas

(-) sparse (xatiti)

yõkoxia a

Yellow-handed titi monkey

Callicebus torquatus

(-) still present (returning); garimpeiros only shot them for fun to scare them off.

kusisi a

Common squirrel monkey

Saimiri sciureus sciureus

not present in uplands (horepë a)

kuukumoxi a

Night monkey

Aotus sp.

(-) still present

 

 

 

 

yar«xi a

South American Coati

Nasua nasua

(-) still present

hera a

Kinkajou

Potos flavus

(-) still present

hoari a

Tayra

Eira barbara

(-) still present

 

 

 

 

proro a

Neotropical otter

Lontra longicaudis

(-) still present

 

CATS

 

 

 

t«h« t«r«rima a

Jaguar

Panthera onca

(+) hunted for skin, but some are still around (their tracks are beginning to be seen again); this is regarded as game by the Yanomami (also known as yõkihanarima, paihanarima).

t«h« wakërima a

Puma

Puma concolor

(+) as above; also known as hõõ a.

hekumasi a

Jaguarundi

Herpailarus yaguarundi

(-) not found in the region – only a long way away.

t«h« warokoxirima a

Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis

(+) very rare

r«mari a

Marguay

Leopardus wiedii

(+) very rare

DEER

 

 

 

haya a

Red brocket deer

Mazama americana

(+) heavily hunted but have returned to region

wëëma a

Gray brocket deer

Mazama gouazoubira

(+) heavily hunted but have returned to region

PECCARIES

 

 

 

poxe a

Collared peccary

Tayassu tajacu

(+) still a few present

warë a

White-lipped peccary

Tayassu pecari

(+) completely disappeared

TAPIRS

 

 

 

xama a

Brazilian tapir

Tapirus terrestris

(+) still present

RODENTS

 

 

 

kai a

Capybara

Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris

(-) “shot for no reason” (niapra« p«oma), to drive them away

wayapaxi a

Northern Amazon red squirrel

Sciurus igniventris

(+) hunted for skins, but still present

kari ona a

Guianan squirrel

Sciurus aestuans

(-) still present

reãsi a

Tree rat

Echymis sp.

(-) still present

thoothoma a

Tree rat

Malakata sp.

not found in the region (only on the Hara u, at Yar«tha)

hop« a

Brazilian porcupine

Coendou prehensilis

(-) still present

hop« hena a

Dwarf porcupine

Coendou sp.

(-) still present

amatha a

Paca

Agouti paca

(+) intensely hunted, but has returned and is now abundant

thom« a

Agouti

Dasyprocta spp.

(+) intensely hunted but has returned; there are various types including wakërima a (red), uxirima a (black), kukuhema (red rumped)

popori a

Green acouchy, Red acouchy

Myoprocta pratti, Myoprocta acouchy

(+) disappeared but has now returned

LAGOMORPHS

 

 

 

roha a

Brazilian rabbit

Sylvilagus brasiliensis

(+) disappeared but has now returned

ARMADILLOS

 

 

 

opo a

Nine-banded long-nosed armadillo

Dasypus novemcinctus

(+) still present; has returned

oposi a

Seven-banded long-nosed armadillo

Dasypus septemcinctus

(+) still present; has returned

mõre a

Great long-nosed armadillo

Dasypus kappleri

(+) disappeared

waka a

Giant armadillo

Priodontes giganteus

(+) disappeared

REPTILES

 

 

 

iwa

Caiman

Caiman sclerops

(+) virtually disappeared (was very abundant before gold rush); “they live in the water so they had nowhere to flee.”

hetu k«k«

Boa

Constrictor constrictor

(-) sparse

wata k«k«

Snake

?

(-) sparse

kutakuta sik«

Snake

?

(-) sparse

BIRDS

 

 

 

paari a

Helmeted curassow

Pauxi pauxi

(+) heavily hunted but still present

mar« a

Lesser Razor-billed curassow

Mitu tormentosa

(+) heavily hunted but still present

maraxi a

Blue-throated Piping-guan

Pipile pipile

(+) heavily hunted but still present

kurema a

Spix’s guan

Penelope jacquacu

(+) heavily hunted but still present

haxima a

Great Tinamou

Tinamus major

(+) still present

pokara a

Marbled Wood-Quail

Odontophorus gujanensis

(-) still present

horama a

Variegated tinamou

Crypturellus variegatus

(-) still present

kori a

Crested oropendola

Psarocolius decumanus

(-) abundant

xuhu a

Tiger heron, Bittern

Tigrisoma sp., Botaurus sp.

(-) still present

tererema a

Sunbittern

Eurypyga helias

(-) still present

kõkatamok«

Rufous-necked wood-rail

Aramides axillaris

(-) still present but very rare

rakomo a

Brazilian tinamou

Crypturellus strigulosus

(-) still present

horetoxi a

Pigeon

Columba sp.

(-) still present

xirinamo a

Ground-dove

Claravis sp.

(-) still present

ara wak«rima a

Scarlet macaw, red-and-green macaw

Ara macao, Ara chloroptera

(+) garimpeiros ate them but there are still plenty

ara krokeherima

Military macaw

Ara militaris

not found in the region (also known as katara a)

ara hana a

Blue-and-yellow macaw

Ara ararauna

not found in the region

wetemo a

 

Ara sp.

not found in the region

kerekeremo a

Red-shouldered, Red-bellied parrot

Ara manilata, Ara nobilis

not found in the region

xaraxarama a

Mealy parrot

Amazona farinosa

(-) garimpeiros only killed them for fun and gave them to Yanomami; abundant

taetaema a

Yellow-headed parrot

Amazona ochrocephala

(-) garimpeiros only killed them for fun and gave them to Yanomami; abundant

kurekasi a

Orange-winged parrot

Amazona amazônica

(-) garimpeiros only killed them for fun and gave them to Yanomami; abundant

ayaayakama a

Yellow-shouldered parrot

Amazona barbadensis

Not found in the region

arima a

Blued-headed parrot

Pionus menstruus

(-) still present

kakari a

Parrotlet

Forpus sp.

(-) still present

xikima namo

Parakeet

Pyrrhura sp.

(-) still present

wahima a, õriõrima a

Parrot

Pionites sp.

(-) still present

hëma una

Rufous-Winged Ground-Cuckoo

Neomorphus rufipennis

(-) still present

õkihiama a

Cuckoo

Piaya sp.

(-) still present

xitokomo a

Quetzal

Pharomacrus sp.

(-) still present

tëpëtëpëmoxi a

Trogon

Trogon sp.

(-) still present

hutukaranakasi a

Black-Spotted Barbet

Capito Niger

(-) still present

aroaroma a

Toucanet

Aulacorrhynchus sp.

(-) still present

yapruraima koxi a

Aracari

Pteroglossus sp.

(-) still present

may«pa a

Yellow-ridged Toucan, Cuviers’s Toucan

Rhamphastos culminatus,

Rhamphastos cuvieri

garimpeiros killed them for fun; still present (also known as axopa a)

kreomari a

Channel-billed Toucan

Rhamphastos vitellinus

garimpeiros killed them for fun; still present

ixama a

Woodpecker

Campephilus sp.

(-) still present

poakama a

Woodpecker

Celeus sp.

(-) still present

xurumuhu a

Woodpecker

Piculus sp.

(-) still present

suukumau pë

Woodpecker

Veniliornis sp.

(-) still present

xotetema a

Woodpecker

Melanerpes sp.

(-) still present

yokihiama usi

Woodcreeper

Dendrocolaptes sp.

(-) still present

tixitixi una

Piculet

Picumnus sp.

(-) still present

oxeakana pë

Treerunner, Treehunter

Margarornis sp., Thripadectes sp.

(-) still present

xoapema a

Antshrike

Frederickena viridis, Cymbilaimus lineatus, Thamnophilus doliatus

(-) still present

si ekekema a

Warbling Antbird

Hypocnemis cantator

(-) still present (also known as prëxëxëma)

tokëtokëma a

Great Antshrike

Taraba major

(-) still present

poopoma a

Antpitta

Grallaria sp.

(-) still present

hiyomonimoxi a

Anththrush

Formicarius sp.

(-) still present

hutuma a

Blue-Crowned Motmot

Momotus momota

(-) still present

hitotoma usi

Black Nunbird

Monasa atra

(-) still present

pawamasi a

Purple-Throated Fruitcrow

Querula purpurata

(-) still present

ehama una

Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock

Rupicola rupicola

(-) very rare in the region (abundant at Yar«tha)

waoma a

Capuchin Bird

Perissocephalus tricolor

(-) abundant (absent from Yar«tha)

hëëma si

Spangled Cotinga

Cotinga cayana

(-) still present

h­h­rima a

Purple-Breasted Cotinga

Cotinga cotinga

(-) still present

kototokototomasi a

Pompadour Cotinga

Xipholena punicea

(-) still present

hõyohõyoma

Screaming Piha

Lipaugus vociferans

(-) still present

korekorenakasi a

Tityra

Tityra sp.

(-) still present

sururima pë

Attila

Attila sp.

(-) still present

yãyãemo a

Flycatcher

Myiodynastes sp.

(-) still present

t¯at¯amo a

Kingbird

Tyrannus sp.

(-) still present

prikimasi pë

Flycatcher

Myiobius sp.

(-) still present

opomoxi , yu a

Collared Gnatwren

Microbates collaris

(-) still present

siyoriyorima a

Flutis Wren

Microcerculus ustulatus

(-) still present

manokoyoma a

Tanager

Tachyphonus sp.

(-) still present (also known as raxa h¯ã)

naporori a

Green and Olive Oropendola

Psarocolius viridis, Gymnostinops yucarare

(-) still present

p«ximarihi a

Magpie Tanager

Cissopis leveriana

(-) still present (also known as naxihi amore a)

prikimaasi a

Slate-Colored Grosbeak

Pitylus grossus

(-) still present

yãkõkõrema koko

Finch

Sicalis sp.

(-) still present

 

 

 


[1] After Emmons (1997)